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If you…

GRAMMAR. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND THEN COMPLETE WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS. USE THE CONDITIONAL 0

If you eat fast food in excess, you have several troubles like obesity

If you eat fast food in excess, you have digestive problems

If you eat fast food in excess, you damage your liver.

If you eat fast food in excess, it causes fatigue and weakness

Resultado de imagen para obesidad

World Obesity Day is celebrated on November 12 of each year

Blind Point.

A blind spot, scomota, is an obscuration of the visual field. A particular blind spot known as the physiological blind spot, “blind point”, or punctum caecum in medical literature, is the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retinawhere the optic nerve passes through the optic disc.

Because there are no cells to detect light on the optic disc, the corresponding part of the field of vision is invisible. Some process in our brains interpolates the blind spot based on surrounding detail and information from the other eye , so we do not normally perceive the blind spot.

Although all vertebrates have this blind spot, cephalopod eyes, which are only superficially similar, do not. In them, the optic nerve approaches the receptors from behind, so it does not create a break in the retina.

The first documented observation of the phenomenon was in the 1660s by Edme Mariotte in France. At the time it was generally thought that the point at which the optic nerve entered the eye should actually be the most sensitive portion of the retina; however, Mariotte’s discovery disproved this theory.

The blind spot is located about 12–15° temporally and 1.5° below the horizontal and is roughly 7.5° high and 5.5° wide.

looking at the point on the left with the right eye, the paper slowly approaches and you can see how the other point disappears when entering the area without optical sensitivity; As you continue to bring the paper closer, the dot reappears.

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Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC

READING. What do you think about …?

Massive stars profoundly affect their galactic environments. Churning and mixing interstellar clouds of gas and dust, stars — most notably those upwards of tens of times the mass of our Sun — leave their mark on the compositions and locations of future generations of stars. Dramatic evidence of this is illustrated in our neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), by the featured nebula, Henize 70 (also known as N70 and DEM301). Henize 70 is actually a luminous superbubble of interstellar gas about 300 light-years in diameter, blown by winds from hot, massive stars and supernova explosions, with its interior filled with tenuous hot and expanding gas. Because superbubbles can expand through an entire galaxy, they offer humanity a chance to explore the connection between the lifecycles of stars and the evolution of galaxies.

Credit: Josep M. Drudis

Clelia Giacobini

READING. You can see the simple past. Identify the phrases in which the verb to be in the past is used.

Clelia Giacobini (1931-2010) was an Italian scientist. She was a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation and restoration.
She obtained her PhD from the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, and went on to work in the laboratory of Microbiology at ICR Rome. Her work was instrumental in uncovering the microbial types responsible for alterations of archaeological and architectural monuments. This helped ensure the proper restoration and conversation of numerous historical sites throughout Rome and the world.